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Dutch Simple Past Tense – Imperfectum

The simple past tense uses regular and irregular verbs. Unfortunately, you can’t know in advance which one is regular or irregular. You have to memorize these verbs.

The good thing is that all singular pronouns (ik, je, jij, u, hij, zij, het) use the same form.

Werkwoord – tt
Vertaling
Enkelvoud – vt
(ik, jij, je, u, hij, zij, het)
Meervoud – vt
(wij, we , jullie, zij, ze)
kijkento look, watchkeekkeken
blijvento staybleefbleven
drijvento floatdreefdreven
tt = present tense / vt = simple past

Regular verbs

Fortunately, for regular verbs, there are clear rules you can follow to know how to conjugate the verb. We use the consonants of the word: soft ketchup (s, f, t, k, t, ch, p).

  1. First, remove -en from the plural verb (present tense). Do not apply any verb stem rules yet!
  2. Second, look at the last letter. Does this letter appear in the word: soft ketchup?
    • Yes add -te (singular) or -ten (plural) to the verb stem.
    • No → add -de (singular) or -den (plural) to the verb stem.
  3. Before you add the correct ending, check if you have to apply a verb stem rule. Do this first! (verb stem rules 2 – 5)
  4. Congratulations! You conjugated the verb in the simple past tense.

Een paar voorbeelden:

WerkwoordVertalingActie 1Actie 2Actie 3Onvoltooid verleden tijd
werkento workremove -en
Does the -k appear in soft ketchup? YES → add -te or -ten.
Verb stem rule? → NO
= werk + te / ten
werkte / werkten
halento getremove -en
Does the -l appear in soft ketchup? NO → add -de or -den.

Verb stem rule? → YES
→ add an extra -a
= haal + de / den
haalde / haalden
levento liveremove -enDoes the -v appear in soft ketchup? NO → add -de or -den.

Verb stem rule? → YES
→ change v in F + add an extra -e
= leef + de / den
leefde / leefden

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Irregular verbs

Unfortunately, there are no rules for irregular verbs; you have to learn to memorize them. You can use some guidelines:

1. Does the verb use an -ij? → Change this into an -e.

Een paar voorbeelden:

Werkwoord – tt
Vertaling
Enkelvoud – vt
(ik, jij, je, u, hij, zij, het)
Meervoud – vt
(wij, we , jullie, zij, ze)
kijkento look, watchkeekkeken
blijvento staybleefbleven
drijvento floatdreefdreven
tt = present tense / vt = simple past

2. Does the verb use an -ie, -i or -ui? → Change these into an -o.

Een paar voorbeelden:

Werkwoord – tt
Vertaling
Enkelvoud – vt
(ik, jij, je, u, hij, zij, het)
Meervoud – vt
(wij, we , jullie, zij, ze)
vliegento flyvloogvlogen
drinkento drinkdronkdronken
ruikento smellrookroken
tt = present tense / vt = simple past
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